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Ins. Eqbal Alfarhan

      Many sources referred to the difference between the definition of language and dialect. A dialect is a variation of a language spoken by a smaller group within a specific geographic region. It includes unique vocabulary, grammar, and pronunciation patterns that distinguish it from other dialects of the same language. Someone's accent is a component of their dialect, and it reflects distinct pronunciation features shaped by regional and social influences. In this way, an individual's accent can indicate their origin. While language is the common origin among the different dialects that they descend from, we must consider the sociopolitical factors when distinguishing between a language and a dialect, as some dialects are more mutually intelligible yet classified as separate languages due to historical, cultural, or political reasons.

         The Kuwaiti dialect is an umbrella term encompassing more than six dialects, each with unique characteristics. Over time, it has absorbed vocabulary from neighbouring countries and Persia due to migration patterns in its early history. Additionally, the influence of the Indian subcontinent is evident due to trade interactions that introduced various words and expressions that became integrated into everyday speech.

         Several historical and social factors have influenced the development of Kuwaiti dialect. Epidemics such as the plague in 1831 and smallpox in 1930 led to significant population changes, as did intermarriages with people from different countries. The presence of expatriates workers has also contributed to linguistic shifts. Another major influence was the displacement of Failaka Island residents following the Iraqi invasion, which further impacted linguistic variations and speech patterns.  

         The Kuwaiti dialect is classified geographically and ethnically, with noticeable pronunciation and word choice distinctions. Kuwaitis living near the coast pronounce certain words differently than those residing in the desert, reflecting the influence of their respective environments and lifestyles.

         Writers and researchers have documented the evolution of the Kuwaiti dialect through articles and books. The first article was published in Kuwait Magazine (the first Kuwaiti magazine in Kuwait and in the Gulf) in 1928 by the Kuwaiti historian and writer Abdulaziz Al Rasheed.  In 1969, Dr. Abdulaziz Matar contributed further to the field with his book Features of the Kuwaiti dialect, which provided an in-depth analysis of its characteristics. Additionally, artist and novelist Ayub Hussain played a crucial role in preserving and promoting the dialect through television and radio programs, ensuring that the linguistic heritage of Kuwait remains recognized and appreciated.